CVE-2026-65197: Signature Bypass (CVSS 3.1)

Description

H3C HDM Family-A verifies the RSA signature of a firmware image against a public key it reads from the mutable file `/conf/public.pem`. That file is writable by an authenticated Redfish client through the `UpdateService.UploadSignKey` action, which stores the uploaded body verbatim after validating only that the multipart filename ends in `.pem`. An administrator, or any account with `firmware-update` privilege, can therefore replace the trust anchor with their own key, sign a malicious image with the matching private key, and have it pass verification. Family-A has no hardware root-of-trust (no PFR) to catch the substituted key. This was observed on H3C HDM Family-A G5 HDM 6.14.01. H3C HDM Family-A G3/G5 builds carrying the Redfish/DRE update tree appear to be affected. HDM2 uses a different update path and is not covered by this finding.

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CVSS v3.1 Score

3.1

LOW

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

EPSS — Exploit Prediction

0.0010

Probability of exploitation

0.01%

Percentile rank

EPSS estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A higher score means more likely to be exploited.

Weakness Type (CWE)

CWE-347 CWE-347

References

Other References

https://www.runzero.com/advisories/h3c-hdm-firmware-verification-key-replacement-cve-2026-65197

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-65197? +

H3C HDM Family-A verifies the RSA signature of a firmware image against a public key it reads from the mutable file `/conf/public.pem`. That file is writable by an authenticated Redfish client through the `UpdateService.UploadSignKey` action, which stores the uploaded body verbatim after validating only that the multipart filename ends in `.pem`. An administrator, or any account with `firmware-update` privilege, can therefore replace the trust anchor with their own key, sign a malicious image with the matching private key, and have it pass verification. Family-A has no hardware root-of-trust (no PFR) to catch the substituted key. This was observed on H3C HDM Family-A G5 HDM 6.14.01. H3C HDM Family-A G3/G5 builds carrying the Redfish/DRE update tree appear to be affected. HDM2 uses a different update path and is not covered by this finding. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 3.1 (LOW).

How severe is CVE-2026-65197? +

CVE-2026-65197 has a CVSS v3.1 score of 3.1 out of 10, rated LOW. This is a low-severity vulnerability with limited impact. The EPSS score is 0.0010, placing it in the 0th percentile for exploitation probability.

How do I check if I'm vulnerable to CVE-2026-65197? +

You can use Secably's free Website Scanner to check your website for known vulnerabilities. For infrastructure scanning, use the Port Scanner to identify exposed services that may be affected. Check the vendor advisories linked above for specific patch and version information.

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