CVE-2026-40342

CRITICAL
Published Apr 17, 2026 Modified Apr 27, 2026 CWE-22 CWE-73 CWE-94 CWE-427

Description

Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.

CVSS v3.1 Score

9.9
CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS — Exploit Prediction

0.0010
Probability of exploitation
0.26%
Percentile rank

EPSS estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A higher score means more likely to be exploited.

Weakness Type (CWE)

CWE-22 Path Traversal
CWE-73 CWE-73
CWE-94 CWE-94
CWE-427 CWE-427

Affected Products

Vendor Product
firebirdsql firebird
firebirdsql firebird
firebirdsql firebird

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-40342? +
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.9 (CRITICAL).
How severe is CVE-2026-40342? +
CVE-2026-40342 has a CVSS v3.1 score of 9.9 out of 10, rated CRITICAL. This is a critical vulnerability that should be patched immediately. The EPSS score is 0.0010, placing it in the 0th percentile for exploitation probability.
What products are affected by CVE-2026-40342? +
CVE-2026-40342 affects products from firebirdsql, specifically: firebird. Check the affected products table above for specific version ranges.
How do I check if I'm vulnerable to CVE-2026-40342? +
You can use Secably's free Website Scanner to check your website for known vulnerabilities. For infrastructure scanning, use the Port Scanner to identify exposed services that may be affected. Check the vendor advisories linked above for specific patch and version information.

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