CVE-2025-9905: keras — Exploit & Fix

Description

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

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CVSS v3.1 Score

7.3

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Weakness Type (CWE)

CWE-913 CWE-913

Affected Products

Vendor	Product	Versions
keras	keras	3.0.0 — 3.11.3

References

Advisories & Patches

https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602 https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv

Exploits

https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-9905? +

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.3 (HIGH).

How severe is CVE-2025-9905? +

CVE-2025-9905 has a CVSS v3.1 score of 7.3 out of 10, rated HIGH. This is a high-severity vulnerability that should be prioritized for patching.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-9905? +

CVE-2025-9905 affects products from keras, specifically: keras. Check the affected products table above for specific version ranges.

How do I check if I'm vulnerable to CVE-2025-9905? +

You can use Secably's free Website Scanner to check your website for known vulnerabilities. For infrastructure scanning, use the Port Scanner to identify exposed services that may be affected. Check the vendor advisories linked above for specific patch and version information.

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