CVE-2025-30095

Description

VyOS 1.3 through 1.5 (fixed in 1.4.2) or any Debian-based system using dropbear in combination with live-build has the same Dropbear private host keys across different installations. Thus, an attacker can conduct active man-in-the-middle attacks against SSH connections if Dropbear is enabled as the SSH daemon. I n VyOS, this is not the default configuration for the system SSH daemon, but is for the console service. To mitigate this, one can run "rm -f /etc/dropbear/*key*" and/or "rm -f /etc/dropbear-initramfs/*key*" and then dropbearkey -t rsa -s 4096 -f /etc/dropbear_rsa_host_key and reload the service or reboot the system before using Dropbear as the SSH daemon (this clears out all keys mistakenly built into the release image) or update to the latest version of VyOS 1.4 or 1.5. Note that this vulnerability is not unique to VyOS and may appear in any Debian-based Linux distribution that uses Dropbear in combination with live-build, which has a safeguard against this behavior in OpenSSH but no equivalent one for Dropbear.

Is your site exposed to CVE-2025-30095?

Run a free security scan — no signup, results in seconds.

CVSS v3.1 Score

9.0

CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Weakness Type (CWE)

CWE-321 CWE-321

References

Other References

https://blog.vyos.io/vyos-project-march-2025-update https://blog.vyos.io/vyos-stream-1.5-2025-q1 https://github.com/vyos/ https://vyos.dev/T7217 https://vyos.net/get/stream/#1.5-2025-Q1

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-30095? +

VyOS 1.3 through 1.5 (fixed in 1.4.2) or any Debian-based system using dropbear in combination with live-build has the same Dropbear private host keys across different installations. Thus, an attacker can conduct active man-in-the-middle attacks against SSH connections if Dropbear is enabled as the SSH daemon. I n VyOS, this is not the default configuration for the system SSH daemon, but is for the console service. To mitigate this, one can run "rm -f /etc/dropbear/*key*" and/or "rm -f /etc/dropbear-initramfs/*key*" and then dropbearkey -t rsa -s 4096 -f /etc/dropbear_rsa_host_key and reload the service or reboot the system before using Dropbear as the SSH daemon (this clears out all keys mistakenly built into the release image) or update to the latest version of VyOS 1.4 or 1.5. Note that this vulnerability is not unique to VyOS and may appear in any Debian-based Linux distribution that uses Dropbear in combination with live-build, which has a safeguard against this behavior in OpenSSH but no equivalent one for Dropbear. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).

How severe is CVE-2025-30095? +

CVE-2025-30095 has a CVSS v3.1 score of 9.0 out of 10, rated CRITICAL. This is a critical vulnerability that should be patched immediately.

How do I check if I'm vulnerable to CVE-2025-30095? +

You can use Secably's free Website Scanner to check your website for known vulnerabilities. For infrastructure scanning, use the Port Scanner to identify exposed services that may be affected. Check the vendor advisories linked above for specific patch and version information.

Related Vulnerabilities

CVE-2026-11347

The linqi application contains hardcoded cryptographic keys. Additionally, the application uses a weak algorithm with a limited ASCII charset to …

CVE-2026-34022

The Wertheim SafeController Family 65000, Controller 65000 - AssemblyVersion 6.11.8130.22319, uses weak custom cryptographic algorithms with hard-coded cryptographic keys to …

CVE-2026-34029

The Wertheim SafeController Software, AssemblyVersion 6.15.8328.28014, contains a hard-coded cryptographic key in the SafeSystem.Infrastructure.Security.dll component. An attacker with access to …

CVE-2026-45433

This vulnerability exists in GX Earth 2022 ONT models due to the presence of hardcoded RSA private key within the …

CVE-2025-1099

This vulnerability exists in Tapo C500 Wi-Fi camera due to hard-coded RSA private key embedded within the device firmware. An …

CVE-2025-34500

Deck Mate 2's firmware update mechanism accepts packages without cryptographic signature verification, encrypts them with a single hard-coded AES key …