CVE-2025-66048

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CVE-2025-66048 vulnerability security critical severity libbiosig buffer overflow MFER parsing CVE database

Summary

CVE-2025-66048 is a critical severity vulnerability affecting The Biosig Project's libbiosig 3.9.1. It involves stack-based buffer overflows within the MFER parsing functionality, potentially allowing an attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution by providing a specially crafted MFER file.

Technical Details

CVE-2025-66048 stems from multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities present in the MFER (Multi-Format EEG/MEG Data) parsing component of libbiosig 3.9.1. The vulnerability occurs when processing a malicious MFER file, specifically when the 'Tag' value is equal to 133. During the parsing process, the application copies data into a fixed-size buffer on the stack without proper bounds checking. This lack of validation allows an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory regions on the stack, including return addresses and other critical data. By carefully crafting the input MFER file, an attacker can control the overwritten return address, redirecting execution flow to arbitrary code. This leads to arbitrary code execution within the context of the application using libbiosig.

The root cause is the insufficient validation of the size of the data being copied into the stack buffer. The application fails to ensure that the data being read from the MFER file does not exceed the allocated buffer size, leading to the overflow.

Affected Products and Versions

  • libbiosig_project libbiosig 3.9.1

Impact Assessment

Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-66048 can lead to complete compromise of the affected system. An attacker can execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the application using libbiosig, potentially leading to:

  • Full system control
  • Data exfiltration
  • Malware installation
  • Denial of service

Remediation

Immediate Actions

  • Upgrade to a patched version of libbiosig (if available). Check the libbiosig project website for updates.
  • If a patch is not immediately available, consider temporarily disabling or restricting the use of MFER files until a fix is implemented.
  • Monitor systems for suspicious activity, such as unexpected process execution or network connections.

Long-term Solutions

  • Implement input validation and sanitization to prevent buffer overflows. Ensure that all data read from external sources, such as MFER files, is properly validated before being processed.
  • Use safe string handling functions that prevent buffer overflows.
  • Consider using memory-safe programming languages or libraries that provide automatic memory management.
  • Implement Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and Data Execution Prevention (DEP) to mitigate the impact of successful exploitation.

References

Detection & Scanning

Detecting CVE-2025-66048 requires analyzing network traffic and system logs for suspicious activity related to MFER file processing. Look for unexpected process execution, unusual network connections, or crashes related to libbiosig. Vulnerability scanners can be used to identify systems running vulnerable versions of libbiosig.

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