CVE-2025-66044: CRITICAL Severity Vulnerability | Secably CVE Database

Summary

CVE-2025-66044 describes a set of critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities found within the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project's libbiosig version 3.9.1. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.

Technical Details

CVE-2025-66044 arises from insufficient bounds checking during the parsing of MFER (Medical Format for Exchanging Recordings) files within libbiosig 3.9.1. Specifically, when processing MFER files with a 'Tag' value of 64, the software fails to properly validate the size of data being written to a stack-allocated buffer. This lack of validation allows an attacker to craft a malicious MFER file containing oversized data, causing a buffer overflow. The overflow overwrites adjacent memory on the stack, potentially corrupting program state and enabling the attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code. The vulnerability is triggered when the application attempts to parse the crafted MFER file. The root cause lies in the inadequate size validation of input data before it is copied into a fixed-size buffer on the stack. This allows an attacker to control the contents of the stack, leading to arbitrary code execution.

The vulnerability is located in the MFER parsing routine, specifically within the section responsible for handling 'Tag' 64. By providing a specially crafted MFER file, an attacker can trigger the overflow and gain control of the affected system.

Affected Products and Versions

libbiosig_project libbiosig 3.9.1

Impact Assessment

Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-66044 can lead to a complete compromise of the affected system. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the application processing the malicious MFER file. This can result in a wide range of malicious activities, including:

Arbitrary Code Execution: The attacker can execute arbitrary code on the system, allowing them to install malware, create backdoors, or perform other malicious actions.
Data Breach: The attacker can gain access to sensitive data stored on the system, potentially leading to data breaches and privacy violations.
System Compromise: The attacker can completely compromise the system, gaining full control over its resources and functionality.
Denial of Service (DoS): In some cases, the vulnerability may lead to a denial-of-service condition, preventing legitimate users from accessing the system.

Remediation

Immediate Actions

Upgrade libbiosig: Upgrade to a patched version of libbiosig that addresses the buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Contact the libbiosig project for the latest patched version.
Input Validation: If upgrading is not immediately possible, implement strict input validation on MFER files before processing them. Verify the size and format of data being read from the file to prevent oversized data from being written to the buffer.
Monitor System Activity: Monitor system activity for suspicious behavior, such as unexpected process creation or network connections.

Long-term Solutions

Secure Coding Practices: Implement secure coding practices to prevent buffer overflows and other vulnerabilities in future software development.
Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and address vulnerabilities in your systems.

References

Talos Intelligence Vulnerability Report

Detection & Scanning

This vulnerability can be detected by analyzing network traffic for malicious MFER files or by monitoring system logs for signs of exploitation, such as unexpected process crashes or the execution of unauthorized code. Vulnerability scanners can also be used to identify systems running vulnerable versions of libbiosig.

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