CVE-2025-54981

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CVE-2025-54981 vulnerability security high severity Apache StreamPark weak encryption ECB mode JWT token CVE database

Summary

CVE-2025-54981 describes a high-severity vulnerability in Apache StreamPark related to the use of a weak encryption algorithm. Specifically, the application employs AES in ECB mode with a weak random number generator, potentially exposing sensitive data, including JWT tokens, to unauthorized access.

Technical Details

CVE-2025-54981 arises from the insecure implementation of encryption within Apache StreamPark. The vulnerability stems from two primary issues: the use of the AES cipher in Electronic Codebook (ECB) mode and the reliance on a weak random number generator for key generation. ECB mode is known to be susceptible to pattern recognition attacks, where identical plaintext blocks are encrypted into identical ciphertext blocks, revealing information about the underlying data. The use of a weak random number generator further exacerbates the problem by making it easier for attackers to predict the encryption keys. This combination of factors significantly weakens the encryption of sensitive data, such as JWT tokens, potentially allowing attackers to decrypt and compromise authentication credentials. JWT tokens are used for authentication and authorization, and their compromise could lead to unauthorized access to user accounts and sensitive resources within the StreamPark environment.

The vulnerability exists because the developers did not implement proper cryptographic best practices. Modern cryptographic libraries offer more secure modes of operation for AES, such as CBC, CTR, or GCM, which provide better confidentiality and integrity protection. Furthermore, using a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG) is crucial for generating strong encryption keys that are resistant to prediction.

Affected Products and Versions

This vulnerability affects Apache StreamPark versions from 2.0.0 up to, but not including, 2.1.7. Users running these versions are strongly advised to upgrade to version 2.1.7 or later to mitigate the risk.

  • Apache StreamPark versions 2.0.0 - 2.1.6

Impact Assessment

Successful exploitation of CVE-2025-54981 can have severe consequences for organizations using Apache StreamPark. The primary impact is the potential exposure of sensitive authentication data, including JWT tokens. This can lead to:

  • Data Breach Risk: Compromised JWT tokens can be used to impersonate legitimate users, granting attackers unauthorized access to sensitive data and resources managed by StreamPark.
  • Account Takeover: Attackers can use stolen JWT tokens to take over user accounts, potentially gaining control over critical system configurations and data processing pipelines.
  • System Compromise: In some cases, compromised accounts may have elevated privileges, allowing attackers to compromise the entire StreamPark system and potentially gain access to other systems on the network.
  • Reputation Damage: A successful attack exploiting this vulnerability can damage the organization's reputation and erode customer trust.

Remediation

Immediate Actions

  • Upgrade to Version 2.1.7 or Later: The most effective way to address this vulnerability is to upgrade to Apache StreamPark version 2.1.7 or later. This version includes a fix that replaces the weak encryption algorithm with a more secure implementation.
  • Monitor for Suspicious Activity: Closely monitor your StreamPark system for any unusual activity, such as unauthorized access attempts or unexpected data modifications.

Long-term Solutions

  • Implement Strong Encryption Practices: Ensure that all sensitive data within your StreamPark environment is protected using strong encryption algorithms and best practices. This includes using secure modes of operation for AES (e.g., CBC, CTR, GCM) and employing cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generators (CSPRNGs) for key generation.
  • Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits of your StreamPark system to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.

References

Detection & Scanning

Detecting CVE-2025-54981 requires analyzing the encryption implementation within Apache StreamPark. This can be achieved through code review, penetration testing, or by using automated security scanning tools. Look for instances where AES is used in ECB mode and where weak random number generators are employed for key generation.

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