CVE-2025-9312

CRITICAL
Published Nov 18, 2025 Modified Dec 8, 2025 CWE-306

Description

A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.

CVSS v3.1 Score

9.8
CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Weakness Type (CWE)

CWE-306 Missing Authentication

Affected Products

Vendor Product
wso2 api_control_plane
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 api_manager
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server
wso2 identity_server_as_key_manager
wso2 identity_server_as_key_manager
wso2 identity_server_as_key_manager
wso2 identity_server_as_key_manager
wso2 identity_server_as_key_manager
wso2 identity_server_as_key_manager
wso2 open_banking_am
wso2 open_banking_am
wso2 open_banking_am
wso2 open_banking_iam
wso2 open_banking_km
wso2 open_banking_km
wso2 traffic_manager
wso2 universal_gateway

References

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-9312? +
A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL).
How severe is CVE-2025-9312? +
CVE-2025-9312 has a CVSS v3.1 score of 9.8 out of 10, rated CRITICAL. This is a critical vulnerability that should be patched immediately.
What products are affected by CVE-2025-9312? +
CVE-2025-9312 affects products from wso2, specifically: api_control_plane, api_manager, identity_server, identity_server_as_key_manager, open_banking_am, open_banking_iam, open_banking_km, traffic_manager, universal_gateway. Check the affected products table above for specific version ranges.
How do I check if I'm vulnerable to CVE-2025-9312? +
You can use Secably's free Website Scanner to check your website for known vulnerabilities. For infrastructure scanning, use the Port Scanner to identify exposed services that may be affected. Check the vendor advisories linked above for specific patch and version information.

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