CVE-2025-29909: cryptolib Integer Underflow

Description

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. In versions 1.3.3 and prior, a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in CryptoLib's `Crypto_TC_ApplySecurity()` allows an attacker to craft a malicious TC frame that causes out-of-bounds memory writes. This can result in denial of service (DoS) or, under certain conditions, remote code execution (RCE). Any application or system that relies on CryptoLib for Telecommand (TC) processing and does not strictly validate incoming TC frames is at risk. This includes satellite ground stations or mission control software where attackers can inject malformed frames. A patch is available at commit c7e8a8745ff4b5e9bd7e500e91358e86d5abedcc.

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CVSS v3.1 Score

9.8

CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Weakness Type (CWE)

CWE-191 CWE-191

CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write

Affected Products

Vendor	Product	Versions
nasa	cryptolib	< 1.4.0

References

Advisories & Patches

https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/c7e8a8745ff4b5e9bd7e500e91358e86d5abedcc https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-q2pc-c3jx-3852 https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-q2pc-c3jx-3852

Exploits

https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-q2pc-c3jx-3852 https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-q2pc-c3jx-3852

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-29909? +

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. In versions 1.3.3 and prior, a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in CryptoLib's `Crypto_TC_ApplySecurity()` allows an attacker to craft a malicious TC frame that causes out-of-bounds memory writes. This can result in denial of service (DoS) or, under certain conditions, remote code execution (RCE). Any application or system that relies on CryptoLib for Telecommand (TC) processing and does not strictly validate incoming TC frames is at risk. This includes satellite ground stations or mission control software where attackers can inject malformed frames. A patch is available at commit c7e8a8745ff4b5e9bd7e500e91358e86d5abedcc. It has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CRITICAL).

How severe is CVE-2025-29909? +

CVE-2025-29909 has a CVSS v3.1 score of 9.8 out of 10, rated CRITICAL. This is a critical vulnerability that should be patched immediately.

What products are affected by CVE-2025-29909? +

CVE-2025-29909 affects products from nasa, specifically: cryptolib. Check the affected products table above for specific version ranges.

How do I check if I'm vulnerable to CVE-2025-29909? +

You can use Secably's free Website Scanner to check your website for known vulnerabilities. For infrastructure scanning, use the Port Scanner to identify exposed services that may be affected. Check the vendor advisories linked above for specific patch and version information.

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